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At the bottom of the pyramid is the raw physics of reading. If a viewer cannot physically see or process the text, the translation is useless.

A subtitle must stay on screen for at least 1 second and no more than 7 seconds. 🟡 Level 2: Linguistic Equivalence (The Middle)

Timing the text to appear and disappear exactly with the speaker's breath or a camera cut. Why the "Pyramid" Matters

Most standards allow 37–42 characters per line.

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