The most significant "solid article" on this topic explores how captive-bred monarch butterflies lose their ability to migrate.
: The research demonstrates that monarch butterflies reared in captivity (often purchased from commercial breeders) lose the innate ability to orient south for migration. Even when these butterflies were raised outdoors to experience natural environmental cues, they still failed to orient correctly compared to wild butterflies. strand & tenger
You can access the full study and related reviews through the following academic platforms: The most significant "solid article" on this topic
The phenotypic costs of captivity - Crates - 2023 - Biological Reviews You can access the full study and related
: The findings are summarized in broader biological reviews, such as "The phenotypic costs of captivity" in Biological Reviews , which uses the Tenger-Trolander study to highlight how captive-bred individuals lose key behavioral traits.