Sthambham -

: Typically located near the Dhwaja Sthambham, it serves as a platform for ritual offerings to the guardian deities of the temple.

While distinct from temple pillars, the Lion Capital of Ashoka represents the classical Mauryan style of monolithic pillar construction. Contemporary References STHAMBHAM

: A "pillar of glory" or victory pillar, often intricately carved to celebrate divine triumphs or royal achievements. : Typically located near the Dhwaja Sthambham, it

: A tall, permanent pillar usually installed in front of the main temple entrance. It is often plated in gold, silver, or copper and marks the beginning of temple festivals by hoisting a sacred flag (Dhwajarohanam). : A tall, permanent pillar usually installed in

: The top portion of many Dhwaja Sthambhas features three horizontal branches, symbolizing Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva .

: A "bell tower" or clock tower, such as the famous Ganta Sthambham in Vizianagaram , which serves as a local landmark. Spiritual and Architectural Significance