Sign 【Simple • CHECKLIST】

: It suggests that early humans had a shared, intentional system of graphic communication long before formal writing systems like cuneiform existed. You can read the full study at PNAS .

: This is a foundational text for semiotics (the study of signs and symbols). Peirce breaks down how a sign works through a three-part structure: the sign itself, the object it represents, and the "interpretant" (how we understand it). : It suggests that early humans had a

: This paper analyzes prehistoric cave markings across Europe. Instead of just looking at animal drawings, researchers focused on geometric "signs"—dots, lines, and triangles—that appear repeatedly across different caves. Peirce breaks down how a sign works through

: This paper compares American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL) with spoken English and Spanish. It investigates iconicity —how much a "sign" (word or gesture) physically resembles what it means (e.g., the sign for "drink" looking like drinking from a cup). : This paper compares American Sign Language (ASL)