), and , acting upwards through the center of buoyancy ( Core Concepts of Stability
Practical stability management relies on understanding how these points interact as a ship heels: Through-Life Solutions for Cruise Ship Stability SHIP STABILITY IN PRACTICE
Ship stability in practice is the fundamental discipline of maintaining a vessel's equilibrium at sea, ensuring it can resist capsizing and return to an upright position after being tilted by external forces like wind and waves. In a practical sense, this involves a constant tug-of-war between two primary forces: , acting downwards through the center of gravity ( ), and , acting upwards through the center