(2022) — Rubia

: Using EEG (most common), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and functional MRI (fMRI).

This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. AI responses may include mistakes. Learn more Neurotherapeutics for ADHD: Do they work? - Rubia - 2022 Rubia (2022)

: Rubia highlights that ADHD is the most-imaged child psychiatric disorder. Research consistently shows small but reliable differences in the structure and functional connections of frontal, parietotemporal, and striatal brain regions. AI responses may include mistakes

The article is frequently cited in discussions about the limitations of current ADHD drug therapies, which often lack long-term safety evidence and may be less preferred by parents and clinicians than non-pharmacological alternatives. Efficacy and Limitations :

: Including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Efficacy and Limitations :