If a vehicle has persistent defects that cannot be repaired after a reasonable number of attempts while under warranty, it may qualify as a "lemon" under laws like the California Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act .

Dealers cannot advertise these vehicles as "certified" used cars. 2. State Vehicle Retirement Programs (Incentives)

The manufacturer typically refunds the purchase price (including taxes, fees, and interest) but may deduct a "mileage offset" for the period the car was used before the first repair attempt.

Once a car is bought back, it must be retitled in the manufacturer's name. The DMV issues a "Lemon Law Buyback" brand on the title to notify future buyers.

These are voluntary programs aimed at removing older, high-polluting vehicles from the road. Vehicle Buy Back Program

Owners of vehicles with defects that substantially impair use, value, or safety which the manufacturer cannot fix.