Astana -

Since 1997, the relocation of Kazakhstan’s capital from Almaty to Astana (formerly Akmola) has served as a central project for post-Soviet nation-building. This paper examines the city’s rapid transformation into a "metabolic" Eurasian hub, analyzing how its urban environment acts as a symbolic text for Kazakh identity. It further explores the challenges of sustainable growth, infrastructure development, and the city's role as a platform for global diplomacy through the and the Astana Peace Process . 1. Introduction: The Strategic Relocation

As one of the world's youngest and fastest-growing capitals, Astana faces significant pressure to manage urban sprawl while maintaining resource efficiency. astana

Astana’s skyline is characterized by monumental architecture designed by global "starchitects" like Norman Foster, intended to signal economic prosperity and a forward-looking geopolitical vision. Since 1997, the relocation of Kazakhstan’s capital from

The Production of a New Eurasian Capital: Architecture, Identity, and Urban Sustainability in Astana Abstract The Production of a New Eurasian Capital: Architecture,