: Italian and other European artists developed distinct miniature painting techniques that captured religious and courtly life with increasing detail. Material Culture and Warfare
: Riveted mail hauberks from Germany and composite armors from North Italy provide insight into the protection worn by the 14th-century elite .
: Because of labor shortages, survivors in Western Europe often had more room for decision-making and the commercialization of agrarian produce . [1351-1400]
: This era was a precursor to the "Military Revolution." European states began refining the use of artillery, firearms, and fortifications , giving them a comparative advantage in violence well before the 1800s. Art and Illuminated Manuscripts
The late 14th century, specifically the years , was a transformative era defined by the aftermath of the Black Death and the subsequent shifts in European society, economy, and art. Society and Economy After the Plague : Italian and other European artists developed distinct
The period following the initial 1348 outbreak of the Black Death saw radical changes in wealth distribution and labor.
: In regions like the Kingdom of Valencia , significant inequalities among peasants increased in the fifty years following the plague as land ownership patterns shifted. : This era was a precursor to the "Military Revolution
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