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: These lack a long-range ordered structure. Their particles are arranged randomly, much like a "frozen" liquid. Common examples include glass, plastic, and rubber. Scientific Applications
: They possess "shear rigidity," meaning they resist deformation from external forces. 11272mp4
: These have a highly ordered, repeating geometric pattern (a crystal lattice). Examples include salt (sodium chloride), diamonds, and most metals. : These lack a long-range ordered structure
: They maintain their physical form regardless of the container. : They maintain their physical form regardless of
: It is very difficult to force the particles of a solid closer together.
At its core, a is a state of matter characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes in shape or volume. Unlike liquids or gases, the constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) in a solid are closely packed and held together by strong intermolecular forces, which restricts their movement to small vibrations around fixed positions. Key Properties of Solids