In international legal scholarship and constitutional history, the phrase most commonly refers to a specific section of the United States Constitution regarding the powers of the Senate in impeachment trials. It also appears in several significant International Law Commission (ILC) draft articles that define the scope of state responsibility and human rights protections. 1. United States Constitution (Article 1, Section 3)
A "Judgment in Cases of Impeachment" is limited to removing the individual from office and disqualifying them from holding future offices of "honor, Trust or Profit under the United States". 1 : Judgment
While the impeachment judgment is political, the party convicted is still liable and subject to "Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment" under standard law. 2. International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles United States Constitution (Article 1, Section 3) A
For more detailed research, you can explore the United Nations International Law Commission archives for the full history of these draftings. International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles For more
States that each State has the obligation not to engage in acts that constitute crimes against humanity and must prevent and punish them.
Defines the scope as a State's invocation of the responsibility of another State for injury to its nationals caused by a wrongful act. 3. Historical Significance